In Determined, Robert M. Sapolsky challenges the concept of free will, delving into the intersection of biology, philosophy, and psychology to argue that free will is an illusion. Through a synthesis of cutting-edge science, Sapolsky examines how our brains are shaped by genetics, environment, and unconscious forces. The book invites readers to reconsider the concepts of morality, responsibility, and punishment, offering a thought-provoking exploration of human behavior and decision-making.